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默默有聲

 

人工智能為本的手語學習,構建共融世界

# 減少不平等
# 社會共融
# 手語
劉婉瑜
"
手語及聾人研究中心施婉萍教授(右)及鄭家耀先生領導中大研究團隊與合作夥伴開發手語識別系統
現時全球每一千名初生嬰兒中,就有一名患有聽障。手語不僅是聾人溝通時打的手勢,有獨特的語言系統和文化。家中有聾人的健聽人士學習手語,有助於打破聾健溝通隔膜。

健聽人士通常難以掌握手語語法的細微差別,包括手掌與手指的協調、面部表情、頭部位置和嘴形,任何誤讀都會影響訊息傳遞。一般人或認為以紙筆交流或文字訊息已可滿足聾健溝通需要,但中大手語及聾人研究中心副主任施婉萍教授卻不以為然。

她認為聾人要掌握書面語並不容易,因為手語語法與中文語法不同,「中文句子『我沒有書』,在手語中則表達為『我書沒有』,若要不諳中文讀寫的聾人按中文語法表達手語,猶如要常人按英文語法表達中文。」因此,要體現真正的共融社會,務必要理解聾人的溝通需要。

寓手語學習於遊戲

中大與Google、日本財團和關西學院大學聯手推出「手語村」,是全球首個結合人工智能和手語語言學理論的多語言網絡遊戲。遊戲應用人工智能機器學習,可識別3D手語動作,讓玩家在線上輕鬆學習香港和日本手語。
觀看短片,了解「手語村」的詳情
「手語村」虛擬小鎮以手語為官方語言,玩家進入小鎮後,須於電腦鏡頭前打手語,並完成各種日常生活任務,包括準備旅行用品、尋找住宿、在咖啡室點餐等。遊戲開始時,螢幕上會出現兩個視窗,顯示兩個與任務相關的手語動作,由玩家任選其一並在鏡頭前模仿該動作,人工智能識別系統會即時評估和回應玩家打手語的準確度。「手語村」的卡通人物「手形」更會不時現身,向玩家講解「手語」、「聾人」和「聾人文化」的定義及概念。

「手語村」是「Shuwa計劃」的首個國際跨學科協作項目,由中大、Google、日本合作夥伴共同策劃,並於2021年9月23日「國際手語日」推出,旨在活用先進科技打破聾健溝通隔膜。Shuwa是日語漢字「手話」的拼音,意即手語。

人工智能偵測手語動作

以往的手語識別技術難以分析視覺及姿勢語言訊息,未能精準解讀手語。手語除了手部動作,身體動作、面部表情、嘴形等在手語語法中同樣重要,忽略任何細微特徵,都可導致手語不合文法或無法詮釋。

雖然世界各地的手語有所不同,但當中的語言特徵如手形、方向、動作等卻是相通的,而且組合變化有限,可以透過電腦識別。由於手語是3D空間運動,包括上下左右移動以及前後深度,以往手語識別需要採用特殊3D攝像鏡頭和帶傳感器的手套等複雜設備,令技術難以普及。

「Shuwa計劃」團隊解決了舊有技術的不足,成功研發首個機器學習模型,可透過一般攝影鏡頭識別、追蹤及分析不同肢體信息,包括3D手部和肢體動作,以及面部表情特徵,將其應用在「手語村」。現時,玩家可選擇香港及日本手語,團隊計劃日後會加入其他地區的手語。

中大手語及聾人研究中心為「Shuwa計劃」提供手語語言學專業知識及香港手語語法特徵,以訓練機器學習模型識別手語。施教授說:「我們應用手語語言學研究所得,幫助協作夥伴研發可自動識別手語的工具,讓玩家實時知道自己能否打出準確的手語。」

計劃的下一步是創建包含搜索功能的手語詞典平台,透過人工智能技術協助用戶學習和紀錄手語。團隊冀開發一個自動翻譯模型,利用電腦或智能手機常用的鏡頭識別手語中的自然對話,將其翻譯為口語。

關西學院大學手語研究中心主任松岡克尚教授表示:「我們很高興能夠參與『Shuwa計劃』的技術開發,盼望將來或可開發為醫療界和法律界專家而設的手語學習工具。這些新發明都非常值得我們探索。」

玩家選擇答案後,於鏡頭前模仿並打出相關手語
人工智能識別工具正在追蹤玩家的身體姿勢
施教授說:「我們的長遠目標是建設一個無障礙社會,能夠真正包容聾人和惠及手語交流人士。雖然長路漫漫,但『手語村』無分疆界,提供學習和了解手語的機會,打開了首道手語溝通之門。」未來,「手語村」將加入不同國家的手語,各地玩家不僅可以學到更多手語,亦能分辨它們之間的差異。科技不斷推陳出新,有利於建構包容及和諧的社會,讓人人享有平等機會。
Jenny Lau is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
劉婉瑜為香港中文大學傳訊及公共關係處編輯

下一篇

對地球許下承諾

中大訂立2038年實現碳中和目標

 

The post 默默有聲 first appeared on Our Social Responsibility and Sustainability Development Approach .

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默默有声 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-hearing-the-sound-of-silence/ Tue, 24 May 2022 08:34:26 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-hearing-the-sound-of-silence/

默默有声

 

人工智能为本的手语学习,构建共融世界

# 减少不平等
# 社会共融
# 手语
刘婉瑜
"

手语及聋人研究中心施婉萍教授(右)及郑家耀先生领导中大研究团队与合作伙伴开发手语识别系统

现时全球每一千名初生婴儿中,就有一名患有听障。手语不仅是聋人沟通时打的手势,有独特的语言系统和文化。家中有聋人的健听人士学习手语,有助于打破聋健沟通隔膜。

健听人士通常难以掌握手语语法的细微差别,包括手掌与手指的协调、面部表情、头部位置和嘴形,任何误读都会影响讯息传递。一般人或认为以纸笔交流或文字讯息已可满足聋健沟通需要,但中大手语及聋人研究中心副主任施婉萍教授却不以为然。

她认为聋人要掌握书面语并不容易,因为手语语法与中文语法不同,「中文句子『我没有书』,在手语中则表达为『我书没有』,若要不谙中文读写的聋人按中文语法表达手语,犹如要常人按英文语法表达中文。」因此,要体现真正的共融社会,务必要理解聋人的沟通需要。

寓手语学习于游戏

中大与Google、日本财团和关西学院大学联手推出「手语村」,是全球首个结合人工智能和手语语言学理论的多语言网络游戏。游戏应用人工智能机器学习,可识别3D手语动作,让玩家在线上轻松学习香港和日本手语。

观看短片,了解「手语村」的详情

「手语村」虚拟小镇以手语为官方语言,玩家进入小镇后,须于电脑镜头前打手语,并完成各种日常生活任务,包括准备旅行用品、寻找住宿、在咖啡室点餐等。游戏开始时,萤幕上会出现两个视窗,显示两个与任务相关的手语动作,由玩家任选其一并在镜头前模仿该动作,人工智能识别系统会即时评估和回应玩家打手语的准确度。 「手语村」的卡通人物「手形」更会不时现身,向玩家讲解「手语」、「聋人」和「聋人文化」的定义及概念。

「手语村」是「Shuwa计划」的首个国际跨学科协作项目,由中大、Google、日本合作伙伴共同策划,并于2021年9月23日「国际手语日」推出,旨在活用先进科技打破聋健沟通隔膜。 Shuwa是日语汉字「手话」的拼音,意即手语。

人工智能侦测手语动作

以往的手语识别技术难以分析视觉及姿势语言讯息,未能精准解读手语。手语除了手部动作,身体动作、面部表情、嘴形等在手语语法中同样重要,忽略任何细微特征,都可导致手语不合文法或无法诠释。

虽然世界各地的手语有所不同,但当中的语言特征如手形、方向、动作等却是相通的,而且组合变化有限,可以透过电脑识别。由于手语是3D空间运动,包括上下左右移动以及前后深度,以往手语识别需要采用特殊3D摄像镜头和带传感器的手套等复杂设备,令技术难以普及。

「Shuwa计划」团队解决了旧有技术的不足,成功研发首个机器学习模型,可透过一般摄影镜头识别、追踪及分析不同肢体信息,包括3D手部和肢体动作,以及面部表情特征,将其应用在「手语村」。现时,玩家可选择香港及日本手语,团队计划日后会加入其他地区的手语。

中大手语及聋人研究中心为「Shuwa计划」提供手语语言学专业知识及香港手语语法特征,以训练机器学习模型识别手语。施教授说:「我们应用手语语言学研究所得,帮助协作伙伴研发可自动识别手语的工具,让玩家实时知道自己能否打出准确的手语。」

计划的下一步是创建包含搜索功能的手语词典平台,透过人工智能技术协助用户学习和纪录手语。团队冀开发一个自动翻译模型,利用电脑或智能手机常用的镜头识别手语中的自然对话,将其翻译为口语。

关西学院大学手语研究中心主任松冈克尚教授表示:「我们很高兴能够参与『Shuwa计划』的技术开发,盼望将来或可开发为医疗界和法律界专家而设的手语学习工具。这些新发明都非常值得我们探索。」

玩家选择答案后,于镜头前模仿并打出相关手语
人工智能识别工具正在追踪玩家的身体姿势
施教授说:「我们的长远目标是建设一个无障碍社会,能够真正包容聋人和惠及手语交流人士。虽然长路漫漫,但『手语村』无分疆界,提供学习和了解手语的机会,打开了首道手语沟通之门。」未来,「手语村」将加入不同国家的手语,各地玩家不仅可以学到更多手语,亦能分辨它们之间的差异。科技不断推陈出新,有利于建构包容及和谐的社会,让人人享有平等机会。
Jenny Lau is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
刘婉瑜为香港中文大学传讯及公共关系处编辑

下一篇

对地球许下承诺

中大订立2038年实现碳中和目标

 

The post 默默有声 first appeared on Our Social Responsibility and Sustainability Development Approach .

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Hearing the Sound of Silence https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-hearing-the-sound-of-silence/ Tue, 24 May 2022 08:34:26 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/?p=4200

Hearing the Sound of Silence

 

AI-based sign language learning cultivates a more inclusive world

# ReducedInequalities
# SocialInclusion
# SignLanguage
Jenny Lau
"
Professor Felix Sze (right) and Mr Cheng Ka-yiu lead CUHK’s research team to develop an automatic sign language recognition system
Nearly one in every 1,000 babies worldwide were born with a hearing impairment.  Sign language, which is way more than mere gestures among deaf communicators, has its own language system and culture.  Hearing people who live and deal with this population also need to learn sign language so as to be able to communicate with them.

Hearing people often find it difficult to master the grammatical nuances of sign language, including hand and finger coordination, facial expressions, head positions, and mouth shapes.  Get one element wrong, and the message will often be misunderstood.  Some people may think that the deaf would be able to cope perfectly well with written communication or text messaging.  Professor Felix Sze, Deputy Director of CUHK’s Centre for Sign Linguistics and Deaf Studies (CSLDS), begs to differ.

She thinks that written communication poses a huge challenge to the deaf.  ‘The Chinese sentence “I have no book” becomes “I book no have” in sign language.  To require the deaf who are no native readers and writers of Chinese to follow Chinese grammar is like asking a Chinese-speaking person to express herself in Chinese, while following English syntax.’  Hence, an understanding of the communication needs of the deaf becomes a prerequisite for a truly inclusive society.

Immersive game for sign language learners

In collaboration with Google, the Nippon Foundation and Kwansei Gakuin University in Japan, CUHK has launched the first multi-language online sign language game, SignTown which integrates AI and sign linguistic theory.  It allows players to learn sign languages in Hong Kong and Japan in an engaging online environment by harnessing machine learning that recognises 3D sign language movements.
Watch the video to learn more about SignTown
 The game puts players in a virtual town whose official language is sign language.  They are asked to make signs facing their computer cameras to complete tasks, including packing for a trip, finding a hotel, and ordering food in a café.  When players see a split screen showing two signs in the activity, they need to pick one and imitate it in front of the camera.  The AI-powered recognition model provides immediate feedback on signing accuracy.  Cute hand-shaped cartoon characters appear from time to time, to explain to players the definitions and concepts of sign language, deaf people and deaf culture.

An initiative of Project Shuwa, SignTown has been made possible by international cross-disciplinary collaboration between CUHK, Google and Japanese counterparts, with the aim of bridging the gap between the deaf and hearing worlds with advanced technology.  ‘Shuwa’ (‘手話’ in Japanese characters) means ‘sign language’.  The game was launched on 23 September 2021, the International Day of Sign Language.

AI-based movement recognition

Previous sign language recognition models were not accurate enough because they struggled to analyse visual-gestural language data.  Sign language deals with a range of gestural information, including hand and body movements, facial expressions and mouth shapes.  Signing without these subtleties could result in ungrammatical or uninterpretable messages.

While sign languages vary from one country to another, phonetic features such as handshapes, orientations and movements are universal, and the number of possible combinations is finite.  Therefore, recognition models are possible.  Recognising sign language, including hand and body movements, requires advanced equipment such as special 3D cameras and gloves with sensors, making it hard to popularise the technology.

Project Shuwa has acknowledged these pain points by constructing the first machine learning model that uses a computer camera to recognise, track and analyse 3D hand and body movements as well as facial expressions.  Currently, players can choose between Japanese and Hong Kong sign languages.  More options will be available in the future.

The role of CSLDS in Project Shuwa is to provide sign linguistic knowledge and features of Hong Kong sign language to develop the machine learning model.  ‘As sign linguists, we want to help our collaborators to develop a sign language recognition tool which is smart enough to tell whether the players are making accurate signs,’ said Professor Sze.

The future goal of the project is to build a sign dictionary that not only incorporates a search function, but also provides a virtual platform to facilitate sign language learning and documentation based on AI.  The project team aspires to develop an automatic translation model that can recognise natural conversations in sign language and convert them into spoken language using the cameras of commonly used computers and smartphones.

Professor Katsuhisa Matsuoka, Director of the Centre for Sign Language Studies at Kwansei Gakuin University, said, ‘It is a great pleasure for our centre to be involved in the technical development of Project Shuwa.  We hope in the future to be able to develop expert versions of learning tools for medical and legal professionals.  These are all worth exploring.’

A player imitates the sign language shown in the video after choosing an answer
AI recognition tool tracking body poses of the player
‘Our long-term goal is to create a barrier-free society that is truly inclusive for deaf signers or people who may benefit from signing communications.  There is still a long way to go, but SignTown has opened up a lot more opportunities for people around the world to learn and know more about sign language in real life situations,’ said Professor Sze.  The team plans to incorporate more signs in SignTown, so that people around the world may learn more sign languages and be able to distinguish between them.  With the help of the latest technology, they are ready to help realize the vision of an inclusive and harmonious society which offers equal opportunities for each of its members.
Jenny Lau is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Jenny Lau is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
UP NEXT

Our Pledge to Mother Earth

CUHK commits to carbon neutrality by 2038

 

The post Hearing the Sound of Silence first appeared on Our Social Responsibility and Sustainability Development Approach .

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未来在你我手中 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-the-future-is-in-our-hands/ Tue, 24 May 2022 07:01:59 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-the-future-is-in-our-hands/

未來在你我手中

 

戴沛權教授細說由下而上的可持續發展與環境教育

# 多菜少肉飲食
# 可持續發展教育
傳訊及公共關係處訪問
"

可以簡單講述你的研究嗎?就你所見,人類對環境有甚麼影響?

的研究興趣十分廣泛,氣候變化、空氣污染、糧食安全、樹林保育等環境議題,我都有涉獵;具體來說,我在研究這些課題之間的關係。地球面對千種百樣的難題,而人類可謂「老是常出現」,且往往是問題的癥結。這裏說的人類除了指政府和大企業,也包括像你我的普通人。

我最近聯同生命科學學院林漢明教授和中大—埃克塞特大學環境持續與應變聯合研究中心(ENSURE)進行研究,發現中國空氣質素惡化,與大眾自八十年代起轉向多肉的飲食模式有莫大關係。要知道畜牧產生的廢物和用以種植飼料的肥料會釋出氨氣,而氨氣會令空氣出現微細懸浮粒子。觀乎1980至2010年間年微細懸浮粒子量的平均增長,高達兩成可歸因於民眾愈趨嗜肉。當然,肉食業也是排放溫室氣體,造成氣候變化的「大戶」。

空氣污染和氣候變化帶來的問題實實在在,當中包括人命損失。如先前提到,日益增加的肉類消耗導致微細懸浮粒子量上升兩成;因為這兩成的增長,每年多了足足九萬人因空氣污染而早逝。氣候變化的惡果絕非危言聳聽,看看近年全球各地發生多少極端天氣和山火、帶來多少死傷、導致多少人流離失所就知道。

細心想想,我們今日在飲食上漫無節制,其實正在製造一場糧食危機。我們幾年前一項研究顯示,單是氣候變化已足令糧食生產於2050年前減少一成,加上空氣污染,情況更見嚴峻,而首當其衝的將是缺乏資源處理危機的發展中國家,其人民的營養不良率或上升五成。所以說我們常把環境問題掛在嘴邊,談的除了是花草樹木的未來,也關乎我們自己和人類整體的未來,對落後國家的人民影響尤甚。氣候變化不止是環境問題,更與貧窮和公義議題掛勾。

戴教授近期研究有關植樹及森林管理對氣候的影響
戴教授於四川研究可持續農業

那我們應採取甚麼行動?

既然人類是問題的癥結,我們自然有能力解決問題。看看2008年金融海嘯和近年疫情期間,人類社會活動大減,空氣亦立即變好。有見肉食對空氣質素和氣候的影響,我們建議大眾參照2016年中國居民膳食指南,奉行多菜少肉。這項建議的意義十分重大,因為它讓普羅大眾知道不一定要靠政府和大企業行動,自己也可以參與拯救環境。

我們亦建議糧食生產須考慮可持續發展,減少對環境的衝擊。我們一項研究發現,以「間套作」模式混合種植粟米和具有固氮特性的大豆,可為土壤帶來額外養分,大幅減省會釋出阿摩尼亞的化學肥料,種出相同數量粟米的同時,兼得一些大豆。這套種植法令農作物銷售額增加約4600億港元,同時節省約1000億港元由空氣污染招致的公共醫療開支,亦可減少農地的溫室氣體排放。其實間套作早已有之,只是二十世紀農業於現代化過程中變得依賴機器和趨於單一耕作。古人的做法,往往蘊藏着大智慧。

不過我們也要記住,保護環境有時會適得其反。譬如植樹雖能為城市降溫和吸碳,但我們的研究發現,某些闊葉樹會釋放揮發性有機化合物,與汽車廢氣混和後會產生臭氧,污染空氣;針葉樹在這方面會較好,但它們有可能削弱生物多樣性,甚至導致暖化。孰優孰劣、何去何從,從來不是彰明較著,所以研究員、城市樹木學家和森林管理人員更要通力合作,找出最佳方案。

政府間氣候變化專門委員會發表了第六次氣候變化評估報告 的三份工作組報告,並將於今年九月發表綜合報告。可以簡單解釋報告內容嗎?你有何感想?

報告指出,人類導致全球暖化,增溫速率更是數千年來未見,這是不爭的事實。氣候變化影響全球每一個有人居住的角落,人類活動亦造成很多觀察得到的天氣變化和極端氣候現象。若人類在未來數十年不盡力減少二氧化碳和溫室氣體的排放,於二十一世紀末前,全球溫度將較前工業化時代的水平上升超過攝氏 2度,將會導致頻繁的極端高溫,農作物與人類均無法承受。

身為大氣科學家,我樂見報告展示了氣候科學的進步。現時我們比從前更能掌握氣候系統的複雜運作,並可運用電腦模型準確地預測不同地方的氣候變化進程。科研發展進程一日千里,能啟發人類作出相應對策,令我感到驚嘆。

根據報告的描述,地球的未來並不樂觀,氣候變化恐怕比我們想像中來得更快。過往及將來因人類活動所排放的溫室氣體,釀成很多不可逆轉的改變,並將遺禍地球數百年,甚至數千年。按現時社會及經濟發展速度而言,全球溫度到本世紀中葉可能會繼續上升,進一步加劇天災、極端天氣、食水和糧食危機、大規模遷徙、衝突等問題,波及全球人口,當中以發展中國家最受影響。

縱然如此,我相信我們仍有機會扭轉局勢。若世界各國合力減碳,並於2050年前達致淨零碳排,人類依然能夠反敗為勝,把全球增溫維持在攝氏1.5度內這個可接受的水平。這份報告正好給予決策者重要啟示,幫助各國以在未來數十年內實現碳中和為目標,規劃可靠路線。欣慰的是,改變的動力持續增加,多國近年開始轉用可再生能源。多得這份報告,我們明確知道如何扭轉劣勢,接下來要堅持到底,我們可以控制大局。

你如何走上可持續發展研究和教學之路?

小時候很喜歡昆蟲。這不是說我擅於照顧昆蟲,事實上,我養的昆蟲大多活不久。我長大後曾想過當動物學家,但後來發現比起研究專注某些物種,我對整體大局更感興趣,希望探討生命之間的相互連繫。這想法亦促使我放棄讀醫,選擇修讀環境科學與工程。我希望解決更大的問題,這或許能拯救更多生命。

於是我到麻省理工唸理學士課程,再到哈佛修讀大氣科學博士學位。當我還在麻省理工擔任博士後研究員時,得悉中大剛開辦了地球系統科學課程。我一向熱衷教學,亦希望繼續參與科學研究。中大教育與研究並重,充分讓我們全面追求自己的熱情,我非常感恩能夠加入中大。

2019年,戴教授獲選為香港青年科學院院士

2016年一次訪問中,你提到曾想過離開學術界,去為環保機構做前線工作,是你對教學的熱愛驅使你堅持下去。你認為教育與直接參與環保有何異同?

我還是博士生的時候,曾掙扎應否投身國際建設項目,為發展中世界推動環保,作出直接而比較即時的貢獻,還是該留在學術界,透過科學研究,為對社會帶來較大且較深遠的影響。神學家布希納的名言啟發我重新思索人生目標:「上帝呼召你的地方,就是你最大的喜悅和這世界最大的飢渴相遇之處。」我得到真正的感召,立志從事教育和研究,一方面裝備及啟發學生尋找人生目標,另一方面幫助世界解決尤其影響貧窮人口的迫切環境問題。

於我而言,教育是令人興奮的蛻變過程。我會由淺入深地讓同學了解可持續發展的概念,令他們看到人類活動跟環境如何環環相扣。我們吃的每一樣食物、買的每一件貨品、用的每一分能源,不但通通影響氣候和環境,亦影響著居住在地球另一端的人類。教育讓年輕人知道解決氣候變化實在是刻不容緩。若學生在受教育的過程中得到啟發,決定奉行綠色生活,或在發展事業時多從推動可持續發展角度思考,甚至是立志從事環保工作,教育便成了一趟改變人生的旅程。

賽馬會氣候變化博物館大使計劃為中大學生提供體驗式學習及服務學習機會

作為大學通識教育部副主任,你負責領導中大推行SDG學習計劃。你能簡介此計劃嗎?計劃的未來發展如何?

SDG學習計劃以聯合國17個可持續發展目標(SDG)為框架,共包含三個部分。學生須完成一個關於SDG的網上入門課程、三個SDG通識課及一個SDG社會實踐課或完成與SDG相關的義工活動,身體力行。

SDG學習計劃作為貫穿大學通識教育四範圍的脈絡,讓學生體會SDG與各個生活層面息息相關,人人都可以幫手推動可持續發展目標。

我們將會為學生提供更多體驗式學習及服務學習機會,讓他們參與社區為本的計劃,既有助個人成長,亦能切切實實地造福社會。我們亦將於「與人文對話」及「與自然對話」這兩個通識教育基礎課程中加入可持續發展的概念,讓中大學生透過閱讀經典名著,了解廿一世紀地球和人類面臨的重大挑戰,並探討如何提高人類的生存機會。

中大UGEC2916:認識都市農業課程學生

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人工智能為本的手語學習,構建共融世界

 

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未来在你我手中 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-the-future-is-in-our-hands/ Tue, 24 May 2022 07:01:59 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-the-future-is-in-our-hands/

未来在你我手中

 

戴沛权教授细说由下而上的可持续发展与环境教育

# 多菜少肉饮食
# 可持续发展教育
传讯及公共关系处访问
"

可以简单讲述你的研究吗?就你所见,人类对环境有什么影响?

的研究兴趣十分广泛,气候变化、空气污染、粮食安全、树林保育等环境议题,我都有涉猎;具体来说,我在研究这些课题之间的关系。地球面对千种百样的难题,而人类可谓「老是常出现」,且往往是问题的症结。这里说的人类除了指政府和大企业,也包括像你我的普通人。

我最近联同生命科学学院林汉明教授和中大—埃克塞特大学环境持续与应变联合研究中心(ENSURE)进行研究,发现中国空气质素恶化,与大众自八十年代起转向多肉的饮食模式有莫大关系。要知道畜牧产生的废物和用以种植饲料的肥料会释出氨气,而氨气会令空气出现微细悬浮粒子。观乎1980至2010年间年微细悬浮粒子量的平均增长,高达两成可归因于民众愈趋嗜肉。当然,肉食业也是排放温室气体,造成气候变化的「大户」。

空气污染和气候变化带来的问题实实在在,当中包括人命损失。如先前提到,日益增加的肉类消耗导致微细悬浮粒子量上升两成;因为这两成的增长,每年多了足足九万人因空气污染而早逝。气候变化的恶果绝非危言耸听,看看近年全球各地发生多少极端天气和山火、带来多少死伤、导致多少人流离失所就知道。

细心想想,我们今日在饮食上漫无节制,其实正在制造一场粮食危机。我们几年前一项研究显示,单是气候变化已足令粮食生产于2050年前减少一成,加上空气污染,情况更见严峻,而首当其冲的将是缺乏资源处理危机的发展中国家,其人民的营养不良率或上升五成。所以说我们常把环境问题挂在嘴边,谈的除了是花草树木的未来,也关乎我们自己和人类整体的未来,对落后国家的人民影响尤甚。气候变化不止是环境问题,更与贫穷和公义议题挂勾。

戴教授近期研究有关植树及森林管理对气候的影响
戴教授于四川研究可持续农业

那我们应采取什么行动?

既然人类是问题的症结,我们自然有能力解决问题。看看2008年金融海啸和近年疫情期间,人类社会活动大减,空气亦立即变好。有见肉食对空气质素和气候的影响,我们建议大众参照2016年中国居民膳食指南,奉行多菜少肉。这项建议的意义十分重大,因为它让普罗大众知道不一定要靠政府和大企业行动,自己也可以参与拯救环境。

我们亦建议粮食生产须考虑可持续发展,减少对环境的冲击。我们一项研究发现,以「间套作」模式混合种植粟米和具有固氮特性的大豆,可为土壤带来额外养分,大幅减省会释出阿摩尼亚的化学肥料,种出相同数量粟米的同时,兼得一些大豆。这套种植法令农作物销售额增加约4600亿港元,同时节省约1000亿港元由空气污染招致的公共医疗开支,亦可减少农地的温室气体排放。其实间套作早已有之,只是二十世纪农业于现代化过程中变得依赖机器和趋于单一耕作。古人的做法,往往蕴藏着大智慧。

不过我们也要记住,保护环境有时会适得其反。譬如植树虽能为城市降温和吸碳,但我们的研究发现,某些阔叶树会释放挥发性有机化合物,与汽车废气混和后会产生臭氧,污染空气;针叶树在这方面会较好,但它们有可能削弱生物多样性,甚至导致暖化。孰优孰劣、何去何从,从来不是彰明较着,所以研究员、城市树木学家和森林管理人员更要通力合作,找出最佳方案。

政府间气候变化专门委员会发表了第六次气候变化评估报告 的三份工作组报告,并将于今年九月发表综合报告。可以简单解释报告内容吗?你有何感想?

报告指出,人类导致全球暖化,增温速率更是数千年来未见,这是不争的事实。气候变化影响全球每一个有人居住的角落,人类活动亦造成很多观察得到的天气变化和极端气候现象。若人类在未来数十年不尽力减少二氧化碳和温室气体的排放,于二十一世纪末前,全球温度将较前工业化时代的水平上升超过摄氏 2度,将会导致频繁的极端高温,农作物与人类均无法承受。

身为大气科学家,我乐见报告展示了气候科学的进步。现时我们比从前更能掌握气候系统的复杂运作,并可运用电脑模型准确地预测不同地方的气候变化进程。科研发展进程一日千里,能启发人类作出相应对策,令我感到惊叹。

根据报告的描述,地球的未来并不乐观,气候变化恐怕比我们想像中来得更快。过往及将来因人类活动所排放的温室气体,酿成很多不可逆转的改变,并将遗祸地球数百年,甚至数千年。按现时社会及经济发展速度而言,全球温度到本世纪中叶可能会继续上升,进一步加剧天灾、极端天气、食水和粮食危机、大规模迁徙、冲突等问题,波及全球人口,当中以发展中国家最受影响。

纵然如此,我相信我们仍有机会扭转局势。若世界各国合力减碳,并于2050年前达致净零碳排,人类依然能够反败为胜,把全球增温维持在摄氏1.5度内这个可接受的水平。这份报告正好给予决策者重要启示,帮助各国以在未来数十年内实现碳中和为目标,规划可靠路线。欣慰的是,改变的动力持续增加,多国近年开始转用可再生能源。多得这份报告,我们明确知道如何扭转劣势,接下来要坚持到底,我们可以控制大局。

你如何走上可持续发展研究和教学之路?

小时候很喜欢昆虫。这不是说我擅于照顾昆虫,事实上,我养的昆虫大多活不久。我长大后曾想过当动物学家,但后来发现比起研究专注某些物种,我对整体大局更感兴趣,希望探讨生命之间的相互连系。这想法亦促使我放弃读医,选择修读环境科学与工程。我希望解决更大的问题,这或许能拯救更多生命。

于是我到麻省理工念理学士课程,再到哈佛修读大气科学博士学位。当我还在麻省理工担任博士后研究员时,得悉中大刚开办了地球系统科学课程。我一向热衷教学,亦希望继续参与科学研究。中大教育与研究并重,充分让我们全面追求自己的热情,我非常感恩能够加入中大。

2019年,戴教授获选为香港青年科学院院士

2016年一次访问中,你提到曾想过离开学术界,去为环保机构做前线工作,是你对教学的热爱驱使你坚持下去。你认为教育与直接参与环保有何异同?

我还是博士生的时候,曾挣扎应否投身国际建设项目,为发展中世界推动环保,作出直接而比较即时的贡献,还是该留在学术界,透过科学研究,为对社会带来较大且较深远的影响。神学家布希纳的名言启发我重新思索人生目标:「上帝呼召你的地方,就是你最大的喜悦和这世界最大的饥渴相遇之处。」我得到真正的感召,立志从事教育和研究,一方面装备及启发学生寻找人生目标,另一方面帮助世界解决尤其影响贫穷人口的迫切环境问题。

于我而言,教育是令人兴奋的蜕变过程。我会由浅入深地让同学了解可持续发展的概念,令他们看到人类活动跟环境如何环环相扣。我们吃的每一样食物、买的每一件货品、用的每一分能源,不但通通影响气候和环境,亦影响着居住在地球另一端的人类。教育让年轻人知道解决气候变化实在是刻不容缓。若学生在受教育的过程中得到启发,决定奉行绿色生活,或在发展事业时多从推动可持续发展角度思考,甚至是立志从事环保工作,教育便成了一趟改变人生的旅程。

赛马会气候变化博物馆大使计划为中大学生提供体验式学习及服务学习机会

作为大学通识教育部副主任,你负责领导中大推行SDG学习计划。你能简介此计划吗?计划的未来发展如何?

SDG学习计划以联合国17个可持续发展目标(SDG)为框架,共包含三个部分。学生须完成一个关于SDG的网上入门课程、三个SDG通识课及一个SDG社会实践课或完成与SDG相关的义工活动,身体力行。

SDG学习计划作为贯穿大学通识教育四范围的脉络,让学生体会SDG与各个生活层面息息相关,人人都可以帮手推动可持续发展目标。

我们将会为学生提供更多体验式学习及服务学习机会,让他们参与社区为本的计划,既有助个人成长,亦能切切实实地造福社会。我们亦将于「与人文对话」及「与自然对话」这两个通识教育基础课程中加入可持续发展的概念,让中大学生透过阅读经典名著,了解廿一世纪地球和人类面临的重大挑战,并探讨如何提高人类的生存机会。

中大UGEC2916:认识都市农业课程学生

下一篇

默默有声

人工智能为本的手语学习,构建共融世界

 

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The Future is in Our Hands https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-the-future-is-in-our-hands/ Tue, 24 May 2022 07:01:59 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/?p=4134

The Future is in Our Hands

 

Professor Amos Tai talks grassroots sustainability and environmental education

# PlantBasedDiet
# SustainabilityEducation
Interview by the Communications and Public Relations Office
"

Tell us a bit about your research.  What does it tell us about humans’ impact on the environment?

I’m interested in a wide range of environmental issues, including climate change, air pollution, food security and forest conservation.  More precisely, I look at the interactions between them.  At every step of the way, you see humans—just ordinary people like you and me—being at the centre of the issue.

A recent study I did with Professor Lam Hon-ming of the School of Life Sciences and the CUHK – University of Exeter Joint Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Resilience (ENSURE) has shown that China’s shift towards meat-intensive diets since the 1980s has contributed significantly to the worsening of its air quality.  The problem is that the waste produced by animal husbandry and fertilizers used to grow feed crops releases ammonia gas, which leads to the formation of particulate matter in air.  Perhaps as much as 20%—one fifth—of the increase in annual mean particulate matter between 1980 and 2010 can be attributed to the rising meat consumption.  And of course, the meat industry is also a main source of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

There’s nothing abstract about the problems of air pollution and climate change.  Their effects are real and deadly.  That 20% of the increase in particulate matter, for example, translates into an additional 90,000 air pollution-related premature deaths every year.  I can’t even begin to tell you of the effects of climate change.  But just think about all the extreme weather events and wildfires we’ve seen around the world in recent years and all the people who have been lost their homes or have been injured or killed by them.

Consider how we get our food.  The way we do it at present, without any restraint, is actually reducing our chances of securing food in the long run.  We showed years ago that climate change alone could lead to a 10% decrease in food production by 2050.  Coupled with air pollution, it may cause the malnutrition rate to rise by 50% in developing countries—which are always hit hardest because they lack the resources to mitigate the crisis.  So when we talk about the future of the environment, we’re also talking about our own, personal future and that of our fellow human beings, especially those in the underdeveloped world.  Climate change is not only an environmental issue: it’s also a poverty and justice issue.

Professor Amos Tai’s recent research to investigate the impact of tree planting and forest management on climate

Professor Tai investigating sustainable farming in Sichuan

What actions are you recommending in light of your findings?

If humans are at the heart of the problem, we are also at the heart of its solution.  Notice how the air quality improved immediately—though sadly, only temporarily—when a lot of production came to a halt during the 2008 financial crisis, and again during the recent covid-19 pandemic.  Given the known effects of meat production on air quality and climate, we’re recommending a more plant-based diet, in line with the Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016.  This is potentially game-changing, because it gives us ordinary folks the chance to do our bit, instead of assuming that it is up to governments and large corporations to solve the problem.

We’re also proposing that the current food production systems should adopt more sustainable practices to reduce their environmental impacts.  For instance, in one of our studies, we looked at the potential benefits of intercropping maize with soybeans.  The nitrogen-fixing properties of soybeans can provide additional nutrients, and this allows farmers to use much less synthetic, ammonia-releasing fertilizer, while getting the same amount of maize as they did before (plus some extra soybeans!).  This method can yield an increase of HK$460 billion in crop sales and save another HK$100 billion in public healthcare costs arising from air pollution.  Intercropping can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions from farmland.  Indeed, intercropping is a technique that has been practised by farmers for centuries.  It only died out in the 20th century, when agriculture became modernised, mechanised and monocultural.  There’s a lot we can learn from our ancestors!

Bear in mind, though, that efforts to protect the environment can have unintended consequences.  We tend to assume, for example, that planting trees is a good thing in all circumstances.  It is certainly true that afforestation can help cool down cities and enhance carbon uptake.  At the same time, our research also suggests that certain broadleaf trees release volatile organic compounds which react with car emissions to form ozone, a notorious air pollutant.  Needleleaf trees perform better in this respect, but they might reduce local biodiversity and even cause warming.  It’s not easy to balance the varying considerations involved, and researchers, city arborists and forest managers need to come together to make the best available choices.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has now published all three parts of its Sixth Assessment Report with a synthesis coming up this September.  What’s it all about?  What’s your comment on it?

According to the IPCC Report, it can no longer be denied that human influence has warmed the climate at an unprecedented rate.  Nothing like it has been seen in the thousands of years for which we have records.  Climate change is affecting every inhabited region across the globe, and human activities have undoubtedly contributed to many observed changes in weather and climate extremes.  Global warming is likely to go higher than 2°C above preindustrial level before the end of the 21st century.  If it does, it will lead to frequent heat extremes beyond the tolerance thresholds for agriculture and human health.  This catastrophic scenario can only be avoided if deep cuts in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions occur in the coming few decades.

As an atmospheric scientist, I am excited about the advances in climate science documented in the Report.  More than ever, we are now able to understand better the complex working of the climate system and use computer models to make more accurate predictions of how climate change will progress in different regions.  The considerable progress made in policy-relevant scientific research is truly impressive.

But the Report also paints a bleak picture of our planet’s future.  Climate change is happening even more quickly than we feared.  Many human-induced changes due to past and future greenhouse gas emissions are in fact irreversible for centuries to millennia.  The current trajectory of socioeconomic development is likely to warm the Earth’s surface by mid-century to a level that can fuel natural disasters, weather extremes, food and water crises, mass migration and conflicts for the global population.  The burden will overwhelmingly be borne by countries in the developing world.

That said, I remain hopeful that if all nations work together to cut down carbon emissions and achieve net zero by 2050, we still have time to turn the tide and keep warming within 1.5°C.  Heaven knows, even this level is bad enough, but at least it’s tolerable.  The Report provides an array of reliable road maps that show policymakers how to achieve carbon neutrality at different time points over the next few decades.  Fortunately, the momentum for change seems to be growing.  In recent years we have seen a growing shift around the world towards renewable energy.  Thanks to the Report, we now know exactly what we need to do to avert catastrophe.  Now, we just need to get on with it.  The ball is now in our court.

Tell us how you’ve come to be a researcher and teacher of sustainability.

I used to be quite a bug enthusiast when I was kid—not that I was very good at raising them, as a lot of my pet insects died earlier than they should have done.  Originally, I wanted to become a zoologist when I grew up, but then I realised I was more interested in the big picture—the interconnections among lives—than in focusing on just a few creatures.  The same thinking went into my decision to study environmental science and engineering instead of taking an offer to study medicine.  I wanted to try to fix the larger issues, and perhaps save more lives.

And so I went to MIT for a BSc and Harvard for a PhD in atmospheric science.  When I was a postdoctoral fellow at MIT, I heard about CUHK’s new programme in Earth System Science.  I’d always wanted to teach, as much as I wanted to develop a career in scientific research.  I am thankful for the opportunity to join CUHK as it puts equal emphasis on education and research, allowing us to pursue our passions to the fullest extent.

Professor Tai was elected to the Hong Kong Young Academy of Sciences in 2019

You mentioned in a 2016 interview that you were at one point ready to quit academia and work instead on the frontline of environmental protection.  It was your love of teaching that kept you going.  How do education and direct intervention compare?

Back then, I was still a PhD student, hesitating between a possible career in international development—that can directly and more immediately advance local environmental agenda in the developing world—and staying in academia, where I could do scientific research with potentially large but perhaps more remote impacts on society.  It was theologian Frederick Buechner’s saying that inspired me to rethink my goal: “The place God calls you to is the place where your deep gladness and the world’s deep hunger meet.”  I found my true calling: to be both an educator and a researcher, equipping and motivating students to find their own life purpose while addressing the world’s most imminent environmental challenges that disproportionately affect the poor.

Education is an exciting and transformative process.  When getting sustainability concepts across to my students, I start out simple, to help them see the connections between every human activity and nature.  The food we eat, the shopping choices we make, every joule of energy we consume: all influence not only climate and the environment, but also our fellow human beings on the other side of the world.  Education lets young people see climate change as an emergency that needs our immediate attention, and rethink their relationships with nature.  It could possibly be a life-changing experience for students, who may be inspired to adopt a more sustainable lifestyle and help make more sustainable decisions in their career, and perhaps even find their vocation in environmental protection.

The MoCC Ambassadorship offers an experiential and service learning opportunity at CUHK

As associate director of the Office of University General Education, you’ve been involved in leading its SDG Study Scheme.  Basically, how does this scheme work?  What is its future direction?

The SDG Study Scheme is a three-part course combination that aligns with the UN’s 17 SDGs or sustainable development goals.  Students will take part in an online crash course on the SDGs, three GE courses addressing the SDGs, and a social engagement module or self-initiated voluntary work that gives them hands-on experience of working towards the SDGs.

The Scheme serves as a common thread in the Four Areas of University General Education.  Students shall be able to see how the SDGs permeate all aspects of life, and how they can all play a part to help advance the goals.

We are planning to provide more opportunities for students to make direct impacts on the community by engaging them in experiential and service learning activities such as community-based projects that enhance both personal growth and the common good.  We will also incorporate sustainability concepts in the two General Education Foundation coursesIn Dialogue with Humanity and In Dialogue with Nature—so that every CUHK student, guided by the reading of classic texts, can have a better understanding of the enormous challenges that we and our planet face in the 21st century, and learn what we can do to increase the chances of our survival as a species.

Students in UGEC2916: Understanding Urban Agriculture

UP NEXT

Hearing the Sound of Silence

AI-based sign language learning cultivates a more inclusive world

 

The post The Future is in Our Hands first appeared on Our Social Responsibility and Sustainability Development Approach .

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對地球許下承諾 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-our-pledge-to-mother-earth/ Tue, 24 May 2022 03:42:47 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-our-pledge-to-mother-earth/

對地球許下承諾

 

中大訂立2038年實現碳中和目標

# 碳中和
# 大學社會責任
# 中大2038碳中和
李凱琪
"

現時全球溫度已

上升了攝氏 1.1至1.2度

,若能把溫度升幅限制於

攝氏1.5度內

,人類仍能把握最後機會挽救地球

 

化石燃料 成就了人類現代生活和文明,但它既是福,也是禍。化石燃料提供方便廉價的能源,促成超乎想像的科技、社會及經濟發展。在進步與現代建設的繁華背後,燃燒煤、石油和天然氣的過程中釋出二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體,造成環境污染,依賴化石燃料更啟動了氣候變化的惡性循環,釀成全球增溫、旱災、水災及極端天氣等問題。與前工業化時期相比,現時全球溫度已上升了攝氏1.1至1.2度,若能把溫度升幅限制於攝氏1.5度內,人類仍能把握最後機會挽救地球,此為2015年多國於巴黎訂立的環保目標,並在去年於格拉斯哥氣候峰會上首次確認其可行性。然而,把全球溫度升幅限制於攝氏1.5度內,意味著人類需要在本世紀中葉前,完全終止由工業、農業及伐林過程所產生的化石燃料碳排放。

有見及此,香港政府跟世界各地政府一樣,承諾於2050年達至「碳中和」,同時設立多項中期目標,以確保減碳進度良好。跟所有氣候相關詞彙一樣, 「碳中和」的意思需細細解釋:「碳」在元素週期表中排行第六,是人類、動植物和土壤的組成部件,但「碳中和」中的「碳」指的是主要溫室氣體二氧化碳,亦可擴大至所有溫室氣體,例如由畜牧及鑽油活動產生的甲烷;「中和」則表示人類幾乎沒有排放任何溫室氣體,方法包括減少排放、透過植樹和保育自然生態移除空氣中的溫室氣體,或投資和參與減排活動以抵銷排放等。

中大支持香港政府於2050年前實現碳中和的計劃,並承諾校園於2038年達至碳中和
香港中文大學深明氣候危機乃當務之急,補救行動刻不容緩,故訂立目標於2038年前實現校園碳中和。鑒於二氧化碳可停留在大氣中約一百年,我們必須趕及於2050年前達至碳中和,才能確保地球的溫度升幅能保持在攝氏1.5度這條警界線內。在2020至21年度,大學排放了39,494公噸碳當量,較上年度下降了26.7%,跌幅或與因應疫情而停止面授課堂有關,但仍然值得鼓舞,我們將持之以恆,且有信心實現減碳目標。事實上,中大多年來已推行不少減碳策略,例如「綠色辦公室計劃」、2014年起推行的「節約能源獎勵計劃」及2020年起推行的「能源效益資助計劃」,在節約用電及減少碳排放方面均取得顯著成效。

中大是香港校園面積最大的高等學府,校園依山而建,坐擁吐露港勝景,也是許多動植物的棲息地。中大員生極為珍視這片冠絕香港的優美校園,積極參與保育環境的工作。每天,中大自然環境都散發着可持續發展的氣息,中大員生非常樂意宣揚綠色生活的重要性,從愛護動物到自備水壼及餐具,以至建立步行習慣取代乘搭校巴,都是要為環保出一分力。中大「可持續發展目標行動資助計劃」鼓勵熱衷環保的員生發揮創意,資助他們透過新穎而有意義的方式推動聯合國可持續發展目標,活動形式層出不窮,包括探索街市的可行減塑錦囊,舉辦各式各樣的升級再造工作坊,以及推廣結合「撿垃圾」(picking up litter)和「慢跑」(jogging)的新興活動「環保慢跑」(plogging)。中大關注可持續發展,我們定當在各個運作範疇施行環保策略,期望從大學出發,推動大眾作出態度及行為上的轉變。我們樂於與公眾攜手合作,解決氣候危機,拯救瀕危的地球。

賽馬會氣候變化博物館的氣候教育
中大學生社創團隊180DC@CUHK為同學舉辦升級再造工作坊
由現在起到2038年,我們可如何達至碳中和?首先,必須減少使用化石燃料。中大陸續引入電動車,增設電動車充電設施,更擴大可再生能源的應用,安裝太陽能發電系統。中大建築物的設計符合環保原則,採用自然光及自然通風,加上大學致力完善貫穿校園的步行設施,都有助減低能源消耗,鼓勵大學員生及訪客養成低碳生活的習慣。此外,我們於建築物外圍栽種植物及綠化天台,植物能吸收及儲存二氧化碳,亦幫助降溫。我們亦會繼續推廣綠色辦公室措施,進一步減少排放,提升能源效益。我們近期委託了顧問公司,制定中大實現碳中和的路線圖。賽馬會氣候變化博物館及聯合國可持續發展解決方案網絡香港地區分會(「SDSN香港」)亦將全力支持大學的氣候行動。

針對源頭停止污染是達至淨零碳排最有效的方法,可惜的是,這並非經常可行。中大在履行使命時,各式作業造成的碳排放乃無可避免,我們決心以其他方法彌補,例如以植樹來增加碳吸收,及實施更多行之有效且富有意義的除碳策略。大自然贈予人類無價之寶,不問回報。我們是時候對自然致敬,回饋萬物。

Amy Li is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
李凱琪為香港中文大學傳訊及公共關係處編輯

下一篇

未來在你我手中

戴沛權教授細說由下而上的可持續發展與環境教育

 

The post 對地球許下承諾 first appeared on Our Social Responsibility and Sustainability Development Approach .

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对地球许下承诺 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-our-pledge-to-mother-earth/ Tue, 24 May 2022 03:42:47 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-our-pledge-to-mother-earth/

对地球许下承诺

 

中大订立2038年实现碳中和目标

# 碳中和
# 大学社会责任
# 中大2038碳中和
李凯琪
"

现时全球温度已

上升了摄氏1.1至1.2度

,若能把温度升幅限制于

摄氏1.5度內

,人类仍能把握最后机会挽救地球

 

化石燃料 成就了人类现代生活和文明,但它既是福,也是祸。化石燃料提供方便廉价的能源,促成超乎想像的科技、社会及经济发展。在进步与现代建设的繁华背后,燃烧煤、石油和天然气的过程中释出二氧化碳和其他温室气体,造成环境污染,依赖化石燃料更启动了气候变化的恶性循环,酿成全球增温、旱灾、水灾及极端天气等问题。与前工业化时期相比,现时全球温度已上升了摄氏1.1至1.2度,若能把温度升幅限制于摄氏1.5度内,人类仍能把握最后机会挽救地球,此为2015年多国于巴黎订立的环保目标,并在去年于格拉斯哥气候峰会上首次确认其可行性。然而,把全球温度升幅限制于摄氏1.5度内,意味着人类需要在本世纪中叶前,完全终止由工业、农业及伐林过程所产生的化石燃料碳排放。

有见及此,香港政府跟世界各地政府一样,承诺于2050年达至「碳中和」,同时设立多项中期目标,以确保减碳进度良好。跟所有气候相关词汇一样, 「碳中和」的意思需细细解释:「碳」在元素周期表中排行第六,是人类、动植物和土壤的组成部件,但「碳中和」中的「碳」指的是主要温室气体二氧化碳,亦可扩大至所有温室气体,例如由畜牧及钻油活动产生的甲烷;「中和」则表示人类几乎没有排放任何温室气体,方法包括减少排放、透过植树和保育自然生态移除空气中的温室气体,或投资和参与减排活动以抵销排放等。

中大支持香港政府于2050年前实现碳中和的计划,并承诺校园于2038年达至碳中和

香港中文大学深明气候危机乃当务之急,补救行动刻不容缓,故订立目标于2038年前实现校园碳中和。鉴于二氧化碳可停留在大气中约一百年,我们必须赶及于2050年前达至碳中和,才能确保地球的温度升幅能保持在摄氏1.5度这条警界线内。在2020至21年度,大学排放了39,494公吨碳当量,较上年度下降了26.7%,跌幅或与因应疫情而停止面授课堂有关,但仍然值得鼓舞,我们将持之以恒,且有信心实现减碳目标。事实上,中大多年来已推行不少减碳策略,例如「绿色办公室计划」、2014年起推行的「节约能源奖励计划」及2020年起推行的「能源效益资助计划」,在节约用电及减少碳排放方面均取得显著成效。

中大是香港校园面积最大的高等学府,校园依山而建,坐拥吐露港胜景,也是许多动植物的栖息地。中大员生极为珍视这片冠绝香港的优美校园,积极参与保育环境的工作。每天,中大自然环境都散发着可持续发展的气息,中大员生非常乐意宣扬绿色生活的重要性,从爱护动物到自备水壸及餐具,以至建立步行习惯取代乘搭校巴,都是要为环保出一分力。中大「可持续发展目标行动资助计划」鼓励热衷环保的员生发挥创意,资助他们透过新颖而有意义的方式推动联合国可持续发展目标,活动形式层出不穷,包括探索街市的可行减塑锦囊,举办各式各样的升级再造工作坊,以及推广结合「捡垃圾」(picking up litter)和「慢跑」(jogging)的新兴活动「环保慢跑」(plogging)。中大关注可持续发展,我们定当在各个运作范畴施行环保策略,期望从大学出发,推动大众作出态度及行为上的转变。我们乐于与公众携手合作,解决气候危机,拯救濒危的地球。

赛马会气候变化博物馆的气候教育

中大学生社创团队180DC@CUHK为同学举办升级再造工作坊

由现在起到2038年,我们可如何达至碳中和?首先,必须减少使用化石燃料。中大陆续引入电动车,增设电动车充电设施,更扩大可再生能源的应用,安装太阳能发电系统。中大建筑物的设计符合环保原则,采用自然光及自然通风,加上大学致力完善贯穿校园的步行设施,都有助减低能源消耗,鼓励大学员生及访客养成低碳生活的习惯。此外,我们于建筑物外围栽种植物及绿化天台,植物能吸收及储存二氧化碳,亦帮助降温。我们亦会继续推广绿色办公室措施,进一步减少排放,提升能源效益。我们近期委托了顾问公司,制定中大实现碳中和的路线图。赛马会气候变化博物馆及联合国可持续发展解决方案网络香港地区分会(「SDSN香港」)亦将全力支持大学的气候行动。

针对源头停止污染是达至净零碳排最有效的方法,可惜的是,这并非经常可行。中大在履行使命时,各式作业造成的碳排放乃无可避免,我们决心以其他方法弥补,例如以植树来增加碳吸收,及实施更多行之有效且富有意义的除碳策略。大自然赠予人类无价之宝,不问回报。我们是时候对自然致敬,回馈万物。

Amy Li is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

李凯琪为香港中文大学传讯及公共关系处编辑

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Our Pledge to Mother Earth https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/2022-our-pledge-to-mother-earth/ Tue, 24 May 2022 03:42:47 +0000 https://srsdo.cuhk.edu.hk/our-srsd-approach/?p=4091

Our Pledge to Mother Earth

 

CUHK commits to carbon neutrality by 2038

# CarbonNeutrality
# UniversitySocialResponsibility
# CUHKCarbonNeutral2038
Amy Li
"
We live in a world whose temperatures have already

risen by 1.1-1.2°C

above pre-industrial levels.  We still have a chance
of salvaging our future if we manage to prevent temperatures from rising above

1.5°C

Fossil fuels, on which our modern life and civilisation is built, have proved to be both a blessing and a curse.  They have given us cheap, easy-to-access energy and driven technological, social and economic advances that previous generations could scarcely have imagined.  But although coal, oil and gas have brought us prosperity and modern amenities, they have also polluted our environment, through the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the air.  Our reliance on fossil fuels has initiated a terrible cycle of climate change, characterised by global warming, droughts, floods and extreme weather events.  We live in a world whose temperatures have already risen by 1.1–1.2°C above pre-industrial levels.  We still have a chance of salvaging our future if we manage to prevent temperatures from rising above 1.5°C—a goal agreed internationally in 2015 in Paris and first projected to be viable at last year’s Glasgow climate conference.  However, keeping below this 1.5°C threshold means a complete end to fossil fuel emissions—whether from industrial processes, agriculture, or deforestation—by the middle of this century.

Like most other governments around the world, the HKSAR Government has pledged to reach ‘carbon neutrality’ by 2050, and has set a series of intermediate targets to meet to make sure we make good progress.  ‘Carbon neutrality’, like all climate terms, needs a word or two of explanation.  Carbon is a chemical element which ranks sixth in the periodic table, and its molecules are building blocks for humans, animals, trees and soil.  ‘Carbon’ here stands for carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas and, in an expanded fashion, all the greenhouse gases such as methane, produced by animal farming and oil drilling.  ‘Neutrality’ refers to that blessed state in which we emit virtually no greenhouse gases—either by cutting emissions, removing them from the air by planting trees and preserving nature reserves, or by offsetting them through investing or engaging in emission cutting activities elsewhere.

CUHK supports the HKSAR Government’s plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and pledged to become carbon neutral by 2038

At CUHK we are deeply aware of the climate emergency, and have no intention of waiting on events.  We have already pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2038.  As carbon dioxide has a lifespan of about a century in the atmosphere, we have to reach carbon neutrality well before 2050 to guarantee that our planet remains below the critical 1.5°C.  In 2020/21, the University released the equivalent of 39,494 tonnes of carbon, down 26.7% from the previous year.  The reduction was probably influenced by the pandemic lockdown, but is an encouraging figure all the same.  We are determined to keep up the good work.  We are confident that we will be successful, as the Green Office Programme and the Energy Conservation Incentive Scheme and Energy Efficiency Implementation Fund—funding schemes which were introduced in 2014 and 2020 respectively—have enabled us to make significant electricity and emission cuts during recent years.

CUHK has the largest university campus in Hong Kong.  Situated on a tree-clad promontory overlooking Tolo Harbour, this campus boasts an impressive variety of plants, animals and insects.  Our staff and students, who are privileged to work in one of the most attractive university environments in Hong Kong, have every incentive to care for their environment.  Every day, the University’s beautiful natural setting preaches a sermon on the virtues of sustainability.  In many different ways—protecting the animals, bringing their own bottles and cutlery, walking around the campus instead of taking buses—our staff and students are doing their bit to instil a greater awareness of the importance of greenness.  The Sustainable Development Goals Action Fund bears witness to their efforts.  Staff and students have thought up creative new ways of promoting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, ranging from trips to wet markets to explore how to reduce the use of plastic bags, to upcycling workshops, to the recent craze for ‘plogging’ (picking up litter and jogging).  As a university that serves and shares in the agendas, concerns and passions of the day, we have an obligation to green our operations and to drive social, attitudinal and behavioural changes.  We consider it our responsibility to work with members of the public to resolve the climate crisis and restore the health of our planet.

Climate education at the Jockey Club Museum of Climate Change
CUHK students participating in an upcycling workshop by a student-run startup, 180DC@CUHK
Between now and 2038, how shall we go about reaching carbon neutrality?  Firstly and most importantly, we are cutting back on our reliance on fossil fuels, through electrifying our campus transport and enhancing our electric vehicle charging facilities.  We will apply renewable energies, such as solar power systems, more widely.  By sticking with our green building practices—use of natural light and ventilation and maintaining immense connectivity that makes for walking, we will both lower our energy consumption and help to instil low carbon habits in university members and visitors.  Conservation of plants and the greening of building envelopes and rooftops soak up and store carbon, while also keeping the heat down.  Our green office initiatives will be taken even further in the near future.  We intend to further cut emissions and improve the efficiency of every joule we use.  We have recently commissioned a consultancy study to develop a road map to carbon neutrality.  The Jockey Club Museum of Climate Change and the Hong Kong Chapter of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN Hong Kong) are giving us their full backing.

Ideally, we need to achieve net zero emissions by stopping pollution at source.  Unfortunately, this is not always possible.  Accordingly, where we cannot reduce emissions because they are generated by activities which are indispensable to the University’s mission, we are determined to compensate in other ways.  We can reduce our carbon uptake by planting more trees, for example, and offset some of our unavoidable emissions by engaging in proven, meaningful carbon removal initiatives.  Throughout history, nature has rewarded us with her bounty.  It is now time for us to repay the compliment.

Amy Li is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Amy Li is an editor in the Communications and Public Relations Office, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
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